{"id":54,"date":"2018-01-13T10:06:27","date_gmt":"2018-01-13T10:06:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/symbian.sk\/?page_id=54"},"modified":"2018-01-13T10:59:42","modified_gmt":"2018-01-13T10:59:42","slug":"porovnanie-verzii","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/symbian.sk\/?page_id=54","title":{"rendered":"Architekt\u00fara"},"content":{"rendered":"

Technologick\u00e9 dom\u00e9ny a bal\u00edky<\/h2>\n

N\u00e1vrh Symbian je rozdelen\u00fd na technologick\u00e9 dom\u00e9ny, z ktor\u00fdch ka\u017ed\u00e1 obsahuje nieko\u013eko softv\u00e9rov\u00fdch bal\u00edkov . Ka\u017ed\u00e1 oblas\u0165 technol\u00f3gi\u00ed m\u00e1 vlastn\u00fd pl\u00e1n a spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Symbian Foundation m\u00e1 t\u00edm technologick\u00fdch mana\u017e\u00e9rov, ktor\u00ed riadia tieto cestovn\u00e9 mapy technol\u00f3gi\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd bal\u00edk je pridelen\u00fd presne jednej technologickej oblasti zalo\u017eenej na v\u0161eobecnej funk\u010dnej oblasti, do ktorej bal\u00edk prispieva a ktor\u00fdm m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 ovplyvnen\u00e1. Zoskupen\u00edm s\u00favisiacich bal\u00edkov pod\u013ea t\u00e9m sa Symbian nad\u00e1cia sna\u017e\u00ed podpori\u0165 siln\u00fa komunitu, aby sa okolo nich vytvorila a vytvorila diskusiu a presk\u00famanie.<\/p>\n

Symbian System Model ilustruje rozsah ka\u017edej z technologick\u00fdch oblast\u00ed v bal\u00edkoch platformy.<\/p>\n

Bal\u00edky s\u00fa vo vlastn\u00edctve a udr\u017eiavan\u00e9 vlastn\u00edkom bal\u00edka, menom jednotlivca organiza\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010dlena nad\u00e1cie Symbian Foundation, ktor\u00fd prij\u00edma k\u00f3dov\u00e9 pr\u00edspevky od \u0161ir\u0161ej komunity Symbian a je zodpovedn\u00fd za bal\u00edk.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Symbian kernel<\/h2>\n

Kl\u00e1vesnica Symbian ( EKA2 ) podporuje dostato\u010dne r\u00fdchlu reakciu v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase na vybudovanie jedn\u00e9ho jednosmern\u00e9ho telef\u00f3nu – to je telef\u00f3n, v ktorom jedin\u00e9 procesorov\u00e9 jadro sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a u\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie aj signaliza\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1sobn\u00edk . V jadre v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase je architekt\u00fara mikrokernelu obsahuj\u00faca len minim\u00e1lne, najz\u00e1kladnej\u0161ie prvky a funk\u010dnos\u0165, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa maxim\u00e1lnu robustnos\u0165, dostupnos\u0165 a schopnos\u0165 reagova\u0165. Bol nazvan\u00fd nanokernel , preto\u017ee potrebuje roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 jadro na implement\u00e1ciu ak\u00fdchko\u013evek in\u00fdch abstrakci\u00ed. Obsahuje pl\u00e1nova\u010d , spr\u00e1vu pam\u00e4te a ovl\u00e1da\u010de zariaden\u00ed so sie\u0165ov\u00fdmi, telefonick\u00fdmi a s\u00faborov\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami podporuj\u00facimi vrstvu slu\u017eieb OS alebo vrstvu z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb. Zahrnutie ovl\u00e1da\u010dov zariaden\u00ed znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jadro nie je prav\u00fd mikrokernel.<\/p>\n

Design<\/h2>\n

Symbian pon\u00faka predbe\u017en\u00e9 multitasking a ochranu pam\u00e4te , rovnako ako ostatn\u00e9 opera\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my (najm\u00e4 tie, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa vytvoren\u00e9 pre pou\u017eitie na stoln\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010doch). Pr\u00edstup EPOC k multitaskingu bol in\u0161pirovan\u00fd VMS a je zalo\u017een\u00fd na asynchr\u00f3nnych serverov\u00fdch udalostiach.<\/p>\n

Symbian OS bol vytvoren\u00fd s tromi z\u00e1sadami n\u00e1vrhu syst\u00e9mu:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. integrita a bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fdch \u00fadajov je prvorad\u00e1<\/li>\n
  2. u\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fd \u010das nesmie by\u0165 zbyto\u010dn\u00fd<\/li>\n
  3. v\u0161etky zdroje s\u00fa obmedzen\u00e9<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Aby sa najlep\u0161ie dodr\u017eiavali tieto z\u00e1sady, Symbian pou\u017e\u00edva mikrokernel , m\u00e1 pr\u00edstup k po\u017eiadavk\u00e1m a sp\u00e4tn\u00fdm hovorom na slu\u017eby a zachov\u00e1va oddelenie medzi pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fdm rozhran\u00edm a motorom. Opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m je optimalizovan\u00fd pre zariadenia s bat\u00e9riami s n\u00edzkym v\u00fdkonom a pre syst\u00e9my zalo\u017een\u00e9 na pam\u00e4ti ROM (napr. Funkcie ako XIP a op\u00e4tovn\u00fd vstup do zdie\u013ean\u00fdch kni\u017en\u00edc). Aplik\u00e1cie a samotn\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m sa riadia objektovo orientovan\u00fdm dizajnom: model-view-controller (MVC) .<\/p>\n

    Neskor\u0161ie OS iter\u00e1cie zriedili tento pr\u00edstup v reakcii na po\u017eiadavky trhu, najm\u00e4 so zaveden\u00edm jadra v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9ho modelu platformy vo verzi\u00e1ch 8 a 9. Ve\u013ek\u00fd d\u00f4raz kladie na zachovanie zdrojov, \u010do je pr\u00edkladom programovac\u00edch idi\u00f3mov \u0161pecifick\u00fdch pre Symbian, ako s\u00fa deskriptory a vy\u010distenie . Existuj\u00fa podobn\u00e9 met\u00f3dy na \u0161etrenie \u00falo\u017en\u00e9ho priestoru. \u010ealej, v\u0161etky programy Symbian s\u00fa zalo\u017een\u00e9 na udalostiach a centr\u00e1lna procesorov\u00e1 jednotka (CPU) je prepnut\u00e1 do re\u017eimu n\u00edzkej spotreby, ke\u010f aplik\u00e1cie nie s\u00fa priamo spojen\u00e9 s udalos\u0165ou. To sa deje prostredn\u00edctvom programovacieho slova naz\u00fdvan\u00e9ho akt\u00edvne objekty . Podobne sa pr\u00edstup Symbian k vl\u00e1knami a procesom riadi zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm re\u017eijn\u00fdch n\u00e1kladov.<\/p>\n

    Opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m<\/h2>\n

    Cel\u00fd model obsahuje nasleduj\u00face vrstvy, zhora nadol:<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    • UI Framework Layer<\/li>\n
    • Vrstva aplika\u010dn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb<\/li>\n
    • Java ME<\/li>\n
    • Vrstva slu\u017eieb OS<\/li>\n
    • generick\u00fdch slu\u017eieb OS<\/li>\n
    • komunika\u010dn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb<\/li>\n
    • multimedi\u00e1lne a grafick\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/li>\n
    • slu\u017eby pripojenia<\/li>\n
    • Vrstva z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb<\/li>\n
    • Kernel Services & Hardware Interface Layer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Vrstva z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb je najni\u017e\u0161ia \u00farove\u0148 pr\u00edstupn\u00e1 oper\u00e1ciami na strane u\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea. zah\u0155\u0148a s\u00faborov\u00fd server a pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fa kni\u017enicu, Plug-In framework, ktor\u00fd spravuje v\u0161etky doplnky, Store, Central Repository, DBMS a kryptografick\u00e9 slu\u017eby. Zah\u0155\u0148a aj server Text Window a Text Shell: dve z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 slu\u017eby, z ktor\u00fdch je mo\u017en\u00e9 vytvori\u0165 \u00faplne funk\u010dn\u00fd port bez potreby vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch slu\u017eieb vrstvy.<\/p>\n

      Symbian m\u00e1 mikrokernelov\u00fa architekt\u00faru, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nevyhnutn\u00e9 minimum je v r\u00e1mci jadra na maximaliz\u00e1ciu robustnosti, dostupnosti a schopnosti reagova\u0165. Obsahuje pl\u00e1nova\u010d , spr\u00e1vu pam\u00e4te a ovl\u00e1da\u010de zariaden\u00ed, ale \u010fal\u0161ie slu\u017eby, ako je podpora siet\u00ed, telefonovanie a podpora s\u00faborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, s\u00fa umiestnen\u00e9 v vrstv\u00e1ch slu\u017eieb OS alebo vrstve z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb. Zahrnutie ovl\u00e1da\u010dov zariaden\u00ed znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jadro nie je prav\u00fd mikrokernel. Kernel EKA2 v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase, ktor\u00fd bol nazvan\u00fd nanokernel , obsahuje iba najz\u00e1kladnej\u0161ie primit\u00edvne prvky a vy\u017eaduje roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 jadro na implement\u00e1ciu ak\u00fdchko\u013evek in\u00fdch abstrakci\u00ed.<\/p>\n

      Symbian je navrhnut\u00fd tak, aby zd\u00f4raz\u0148oval kompatibilitu s in\u00fdmi zariadeniami, najm\u00e4 s vymenite\u013en\u00fdmi s\u00fabormi s\u00faborov\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed. V\u010dasn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj EPOC viedol k prijatiu FAT ako intern\u00e9ho s\u00faborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, a to zost\u00e1va, ale objektov\u00fd orientovan\u00fd model pretrv\u00e1vania bol umiestnen\u00fd nad z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm FAT, aby poskytol rozhranie typu POSIX a streamingov\u00fd model. Intern\u00e9 form\u00e1ty \u00fadajov sa spoliehaj\u00fa na pou\u017eitie rovnak\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed API, ktor\u00e9 vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa \u00fadaje na spustenie v\u0161etk\u00fdch manipul\u00e1ci\u00ed so s\u00fabormi. V\u00fdsledkom je z\u00e1vislos\u0165 od \u00fadajov a s\u00favisiace \u0165a\u017ekosti so zmenami a migr\u00e1ciou \u00fadajov .<\/p>\n

      Existuje ve\u013ek\u00fd sie\u0165ov\u00fd a komunika\u010dn\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 tri hlavn\u00e9 servery naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 ETEL (EPOC telef\u00f3nia), ESOCK (EPOC sokety) a C32 (zodpovedn\u00e9 za s\u00e9riov\u00fa komunik\u00e1ciu). Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z nich m\u00e1 sch\u00e9mu z\u00e1suvn\u00fdch modulov. Napr\u00edklad ESOCK umo\u017e\u0148uje r\u00f4zne protokolov\u00e9 moduly „.PRT“ implementova\u0165 r\u00f4zne sch\u00e9my sie\u0165ov\u00fdch protokolov. Podsyst\u00e9m obsahuje aj k\u00f3d, ktor\u00fd podporuje komunika\u010dn\u00e9 spojenia kr\u00e1tkeho dosahu, ako napr\u00edklad Bluetooth , IrDA a USB. Existuje tie\u017e ve\u013ek\u00fd objem k\u00f3du pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9ho rozhrania (UI). V syst\u00e9me Symbian boli obsiahnut\u00e9 iba z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 triedy a sub\u0161trukt\u00fara, zatia\u013e \u010do v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina skuto\u010dn\u00fdch u\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed bola udr\u017eiavan\u00e1 tret\u00edmi stranami. Toto u\u017e nie je. Tie najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie u\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9 rozhrania – S60, UIQ a MOAP – boli pre Symbian v roku 2009 prispievan\u00e9. Symbian obsahuje aj grafiku, rozlo\u017eenie textu a kni\u017enice na vykres\u013eovanie p\u00edsma.<\/p>\n

      V\u0161etky nat\u00edvne aplik\u00e1cie Symbian C ++ sa vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa z troch r\u00e1mcov\u00fdch tried definovan\u00fdch architekt\u00farou aplik\u00e1cie: trieda aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed, trieda dokumentov a trieda pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9ho rozhrania aplik\u00e1cie. Tieto triedy vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie aplik\u00e1cie. Zost\u00e1vaj\u00face potrebn\u00e9 funkcie, zobrazenie aplik\u00e1cie, d\u00e1tov\u00fd model a d\u00e1tov\u00e9 rozhranie s\u00fa vytvoren\u00e9 nez\u00e1visle a interaguj\u00fa iba prostredn\u00edctvom svojich API s in\u00fdmi triedami.<\/p>\n

      Mnoho \u010fal\u0161\u00edch vec\u00ed e\u0161te nezapad\u00e1 do tohto modelu – napr\u00edklad SyncML , Java ME, ktor\u00e9 poskytuj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161iu sadu API nad v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a multim\u00e9di\u00ed . Mnoh\u00e9 z nich s\u00fa r\u00e1mcami a od dod\u00e1vate\u013eov sa o\u010dak\u00e1va, \u017ee bud\u00fa poskytova\u0165 doplnky t\u00fdchto r\u00e1mcov od tret\u00edch str\u00e1n (napr\u00edklad Helix Player pre multimedi\u00e1lne kodeky ). To m\u00e1 t\u00fa v\u00fdhodu, \u017ee rozhrania API pre tak\u00e9to oblasti funk\u010dnosti s\u00fa na mnoh\u00fdch modeloch telef\u00f3nov rovnak\u00e9 a \u017ee dod\u00e1vatelia maj\u00fa ve\u013ea flexibility. Ale to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee predajcovia telef\u00f3nov potrebovali urobi\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00fa \u010das\u0165 integra\u010dnej pr\u00e1ce na vytvorenie telef\u00f3nu Symbian OS.<\/p>\n

      Symbian obsahuje referen\u010dn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9 rozhranie s n\u00e1zvom „TechView“. Poskytuje z\u00e1klad pre spustenie prisp\u00f4sobenia a je prostred\u00edm, v ktorom sa be\u017e\u00ed ve\u013ek\u00fd test Symbian a pr\u00edkladov\u00fd k\u00f3d. Je ve\u013emi podobn\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9mu rozhraniu z osobn\u00e9ho organiz\u00e1tora Psion Series 5 a nepou\u017e\u00edva sa na \u017eiadne pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9 rozhranie pre v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 telef\u00f3ny.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Technologick\u00e9 dom\u00e9ny a bal\u00edky N\u00e1vrh Symbian je rozdelen\u00fd na technologick\u00e9 dom\u00e9ny, z ktor\u00fdch ka\u017ed\u00e1 obsahuje nieko\u013eko softv\u00e9rov\u00fdch bal\u00edkov . Ka\u017ed\u00e1 oblas\u0165 technol\u00f3gi\u00ed m\u00e1 vlastn\u00fd pl\u00e1n a spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Symbian Foundation m\u00e1 t\u00edm technologick\u00fdch mana\u017e\u00e9rov, ktor\u00ed riadia tieto cestovn\u00e9 mapy technol\u00f3gi\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-54","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/symbian.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/54","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/symbian.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/symbian.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/symbian.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/symbian.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=54"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/symbian.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/54\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":87,"href":"https:\/\/symbian.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/54\/revisions\/87"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/symbian.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=54"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}